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Mancini, J.M. and Graham Finlay, '"Citizenship Matters": Lessons from the Irish Citizenship Referendum', American Quarterly, 60 (3), pp. 575-599
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The Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution grants citizenship to every child born on US soil. While most Americans think this 150 year old formulation is permanent, it is actually open to change. We explore the legal debate over the current formulation of US citizenship. Using the research design of the ex-emplar case study, we undertake a conceptual metaphor-based critical discourse analysis of three contending contemporary legal stances regarding US citizenship. In the light of four current court cases, some legal theorists argue that the formulation is both undemocratic and inadequate, and should be amended to address 21st century national concerns. Others argue to retain the current formulation in spite of these concerns. Our study reveals that the rival stances are argued in terms of irreconcilable conceptual metaphors, and each legal stance in itself is deficient to address these current concerns.
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The American Historical Review
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Overcoming Global Inequalities, ed. by Immanuel Wallerstein and Christopher Chase-Dunn
Conventional sociological understandings conceive of modern social arrangements as being defined by achieved characteristics. By contrast, recent legal and sociological scholarship on global inequalities has shown how citizenship—an ascribed characteristic—is a central mechanism ensuring the maintenance of high between-country inequality in the modern world-system. In line with this newer literature, this chapter argues that the widening of the worldwide inequality gap is paralleled by an increase in the commodification of citizenship. To this end, it looks at the emergence of official economic citizenship (or “citizenship by investment”) programs as well as at the illegal trade in EU passports (“buy an EU citizenship” schemes) in Eastern Europe and the Caribbean as similar strategies of eluding the ascription of citizenship through recourse to the market. Citizenship is thus shown to be a core mechanism not only for the maintenance of global inequalities, but also for ensuring their reproduction in the postcolonial present.
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